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South Tyrol (German Südtirol, Italian Alto Adige (official), Sudtirolo (unofficial))
In the aftermath of World War I a relevant part of Austrian Tyrol was occupied by Italy, and subsequently annexed. The areas around Trent formed Italian-speaking Trentino. In the north the valleys around Bolzano/Bozen were inhabited by ethnic Germans and Ladins (Today the third official language of South Tyrol, alongside German and Italian).
After the rise of Fascism in 1922 a policy of de-Germanization was carried on ruthlessly. All places, up to the tiniest hamlet, were given Italian names, and even some family names were translated.
Today South Tyrol (i.e. the Province of Bozen-Bolzano) enjoys a high degree of autonomy, and relations with North and East Tyrol - the two portions of the old state retained by Austria - are lively, especially since Austria joined the European Union.
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