Mathematica is a widely-used
computer algebra system originally developed by
Stephen Wolfram and sold by his company Wolfram Research. Wolfram started to
work on the program in
1986 and released the first verion in
1988.
It is available on a wide variety of systems, supports a huge range of operations, and features extensive layout and graphical capabilities.
Alternatives are the Maple (commercial) and Maxima (free, GPL).